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Battle of Middle Boggy Depot
The Battle of Middle Boggy sometimes called either Battle of Middle Boggy River or Battle of Middle Boggy Depot, took place on February 13, 1864 in Choctaw Indian Territory, south of what is now Allen in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. Advancing down the Dragoon Trail toward Fort Washita, Union Colonel William A. Phillips sent out an advance of approximately 350 men from the 14th Kansas Cavalry (led by Maj. Charles Willetts) and two howitzers (led by Captain Solomon Kaufman) to attack a Confederate outpost guarding the Trail's crossing of Middle Boggy River. The Confederate force was led by Captain Jonathan Nail and composed of one company of the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Cavalry, a detachment of the 20th Texas Cavalry and part of the Seminole Battalion of Mounted Rifles.〔( "The Battle of Middle Boggy." ) February 9, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2015.〕 The outpost was about from Muddy Boggy Depot, which was held by the Confederates. The ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'' says that the battlefield was 15 miles northeast of the depot, whereas the battlefield marker says the distance was 12 miles.〔( Milligan, James C. "Atoka County." ) ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. Retrieved January 4, 2015.〕 The Confederate force at the outpost, consisting of 90 poorly armed men, were caught off guard when Willetts attacked them.〔("Legacy - Middle Boggy Battle." ) March 19, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2015.〕 Outnumbered and outgunned, the Confederates held off the Union cavalry attack for approximately 30 minutes before retreating to the rest of Lt. Col. John Jumper's Seminole Battalion, who were not at the main skirmish. The Confederates retreated southwest down the Dragoon Trail.〔(Messer, Dr. Carroll. "Battle of Middle Boggy: Phillips' Expedition of 1864 into Indian Territory." ) May 17, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.〕 The Union advance continued south toward Ft. Washita the next day, but when the expected reinforcements did not arrive Philips' Expedition into Indian Territory stalled on February 15, near old Stonewall.
==Background==
Union Colonel William A Phillips led an expedition consisting of about 1,500 soldiers to divide the Confederate forces in Indian Territory along a line from Fort Gibson to the Red River. The force represented three companies of the 14th Kansas Cavalry,〔("Battle of Middle Boggy" ).〕 a battalion of Kansas Infantry and two regiments of the Indian Home Guard, supported by howitzers from the 3rd Regiment of the Indian Home Guards. The expedition had four objectives: (1) establish Union Control over the Indian Territory, (2) offer amnesty to the Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw Indians provided in President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of December 1863; sever Confederate treaties with the tribes and (4) gain new recruits.〔
Colonel Phillips issued the following message to his troops before they departed from Fort Gibson to begin the expedition:〔
Circular Hdqrs. First Brig., Army of the Frontier
Fort Gibson, C. N., January 30, 1864
Soldiers! I take you with me to clean out the Indian Nation south of the river and drive away and destroy the rebels. Let me say a few words to you that you are not to forget. Do not begin firing in battle until you are ordered. When you fire, aim low, about the knee, or at the lower part of a man's body, if on horseback. Never fire in the air. Fire slowly and never until you see something to shout at that you may hit. Do not waste your ammunition. Do not straggle or go away from the command; it is cowards only that leave their comrades in the face of the enemy; nearly all the men we get killed are stragglers. Keep with me close and obey orders and we sill soon have peace. Those who are still in arms are rebels, who ought to die. Do not kill a prisoner after he has surrendered. But I do not ask you to take prisoners. I ask you to make your footsteps severe and terrible.
Muscogees! the time has now come when you are to remember the authors of all your sufferings; those who started a needless and wicked war, who drove you from your homes, who robbed you of your property. Stand by me faithfully and we will soon have peace. Watch over each other to keep each other right, and be ready to strike a terrible blow on those who murdered your wives and little ones by the Red Fork along the Verdigris or by Dave Farm Cowpens. Do not be afraid. We have always beaten them. We will surely win. May God go with us.
Wm. A. Phillips
Colonel, Commanding
Phillips' expedition left Fort Gibson on February 1, 1864 and moved southwest along the Dragoon Trail toward Fort Washita. This trail (also called the Texas Cattle Trail),〔 roughly parallelled the more heavily used Texas Road. Phillips chose this route because guerilla warfare had decimated the area along the Texas Road, and Phillips believed that there would be better forage along the Dragoon route.〔( Mullins, Jonita. "Battle of Middle Boggy River showed Confederate weakness." ) ''Muskogee Phoenix''. September 7, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.〕 He stopped on February 4, to await the arrival of the remaining nine companies of the 14th Kansas Cavalry. On February 11, Phillips paused near Edwards' Post, south of the Canadian River, and awaited the arrival of reinforcements from Fort Smith. When the reinforcements failed to arrive, Phillips decided to proceed to the Middle Boggy, a tributary of the Red River.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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